Much ink has been used debating the relative merits of the two methods, and their subtle differences. Note that character values are surrounded by quotation marks.Ī style note: R has two widely used methods of assignment: the left arrow, which consists of a less than sign followed immediately by a dash: <- and the equals sign: =. For larger data sets we will clearly want an alternative. 10 In this case with a small data set we enter the data “by hand” using the c() function, which concatenates its arguments into a vector. First we create three variables with horsepower, miles per gallon, and names for 15 cars. It is easy to compute basic descriptive statistics and to produce standard graphical representations of data in R. Although we will use RStudio, most of what is presented in this book can be accomplished in R (without an added interface) with few or no changes.Ģ.3.2 Basic descriptive statistics and graphics in R We will use the RStudio IDE, which according to its developers “is a powerful productive user interface for R.” 6 RStudio is widely used, it is used increasingly in the R community, and it makes learning to use R a bit simpler. At minimum, an IDE typically consists of a source code editor and build automation tools. These interfaces are used to facilitate software development. Generally such interfaces are referred to as integrated development environments (IDE). Several enhanced interfaces for R have been developed. A new user can (relatively) quickly gain enough skills to obtain, manage, and analyze data in R.It has an incredible variety of contributed packages.R is under constant and open development by a diverse and expert core group.It is one of, if not the, most widely used software environments in data science.This book focuses on R for several reasons: Each has strengths and weaknesses, and often two or more are used in a single project. Various statistical and programming software environments are used in data science, including R, Python, SAS, C++, SPSS, and many others. 11.6 A Summary of Useful graphics Functions and Arguments. ![]() ![]()
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